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Chemistry
Lithium Iron Phosphate
Lithium Iron Phosphate or Lithium Ferrous Phosphate is a relatively new technology in the battery field. There is a common assumption that Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePo4) is better than Lithium-Ion batteries but the fact is it’s not.
Both these chemically different batteries have their own merits and demerits. Even though both these batteries can be used in applications like EVs, in some applications only Lithium Iron Phosphate is preferred like Solar Energy Storage, Home Inverters etc., This is because of its safety as it is more thermally and chemically stable than Lithium-Ion.
The chemistry of this battery is that it uses Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePo4) as the cathode material, and a graphitic carbon electrode with a metallic backing as the anode. The energy density of LiFePo4 is lower than that of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), and also has a lower operating voltage. Because of low cost, low toxicity, well-defined performance, long-term stability, etc.
LiFePo4 is finding a number of roles in vehicle use, utility scale stationary applications, and backup power. LFP batteries are cobalt-free.
Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries have better thermal and chemical stability. This means that even if you handle a Lithium Iron Phosphate battery incorrectly, it is far less likely to be combustible. The size of the LiFePo4 battery is bigger and they have a longer life. The charging cycle range from 2000-6000 cycles.
Taking the operating environment into serious consideration as well as any vibration may influence a manufacturer's choices as the chemistry stability that Lithium Iron Phosphate offers are superior.
